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The Dunning-Kruger effect (named after psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger) is a cognitive bias where people with low competence in a specific area tend to overestimate their own knowledge and ability, while those with high competence often underestimate theirs.
Or, as comedian John Cleese of Monty Python fame explains it:
“You see, if you are very, very stupid, how can you possibly realise that you are very very stupid. You’d have to be relatively intelligent to realise how stupid you are.”
